Film: 8 x 10 (18 x 24 cm)

Position of patient
- patient in standing position
- PA projection should be used
- adjust the height of the cassette to center its midpoint at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra


Position of part
- midsagittal plane of the body is centered to the midline of the vertical grid device
- adjust the body in PA position and let he arms hang unsupported by the sides
- have the patient lean laterally as far as possible without rotation and lifting his/her foot
Respiration is suspended

Central ray
- direct the CR to the 3rd lumbar vertebra at an angle of 15 to 20 degrees caudad or perpendicular to L3

Structure shown
- mobility of the intervertebral joints are demonstrated



evaluation criteria
- area from the lower thoracic interspaces to all the sacrum should be included and patient should no be rotated in the bending position.